The route of transmission of h.pylori is currently unclear, and there may be the following routes:

1. Oral-oral transmission: Although it is currently speculated that there may be many ways of transmission of h.pylori infection, oral-oral transmission is the most important way. Studies have found that the use of chopsticks is significantly associated with h.pylori infection. h.pylori infection is closely related to the increase in the number of dental plaque in the oral cavity. Dental plaque may be the reservoir of h.pylori, which may be transmitted through oral-oral transmission through close contact in the family. In addition, hands also play a role in this communication process.

2. Fecal-oral transmission: People have successfully cultivated h.pylori bacteria from feces, which shows that h.pylori can pollute water sources through feces and cause fecal-oral transmission.

3. Appetite-oral transmission: It mainly occurs in young children, because young children often experience vomiting and gastroesophageal reflux, and vomit or gastroesophageal reflux may cause gastro-oral transmission of h.pylori.